资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分）Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in OrissaNature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.【答案】21.what22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as )23.threatened24.where25.themselves 26.were deposited 27.that28. being damaged29.have reduced 30.by【解析】21.what[解析]考查宾语从句。根据句意:“在大自然中最令人叹为观止的景象之一数百万的里德利小海龟在奥里萨邦沿海的一个大型筑巢地从沙子下的蛋壳里钻了出来。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处从句缺主语且做介词 n 的宾语，故用 what 作兼语，其相当于 something that。22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as[解析]考查状语从句。根据句意:“小海龟们一从南部的根贾姆的巢穴中出来就开始了他们前往孟加拉湾的旅程。根贾姆距离巴布内斯瓦尔大约 175 公里。由此句意和结构分析可知，此处缺少引导状语从句的引导词，可以用时间状语从句或者条件状语从句的引导词。故用as soon as或 the moment/instant/minute when或 so/as longas 都可以。23.threatened[解析]考查过去分词。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处动词与前后句都是句号隔开，因此这里是非谓语动词，用过去分词作后置定语修饰 species。24.where[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place25.themselves[解析] 考查复合不定代词。根据句意:“雌龟们把它们从海里拖到沙滩上，此处的主语和宾语指代同一个事物，指代罐龟，由此处用反身代词作宾语，故用themselves.26.were deposited[解析]考查一般过去时被动语态。根据句意:“那些已被沉淀在温暖的沙子里的卵。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处用被动语态，又因为有 again 提示，可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态27.that[解析]考查强调句型。根据句意:“有趣的是，雌性产卵在它们出生的同一个海滩上，。”而且 It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分,此处考查强调句句型,故用 that28.being damaged[解析]考查 V-ing 作宾语。根据句意:“在最近几年，海洋侵蚀已经导致很多海龟的巢穴被破坏或毁灭”。being damaged 作lead to 短语中介to 的宾语，且该动名词有自己的逻辑主语 many turtles’nests，因此用动名词的被动。29.have reduced[解析]考查现在完成时。根据句意:“还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。”根据前句的谓语动词 has led 和此句中的 also 可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。30.by[解析]考查介词。根据句意:“而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响”。可知此处只表达一种方式，故用介词 bySection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmentalE. focus F. moderateG. naturallyH. performingI. worsening J. comprehensivelyK. modifiedMyopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.【答案】31—40 EBDJH IGACF【解析】E[解析]根据句子结构以及句意“引起不集中知觉”,此处应该增入名词 focus焦点，这样构成 out-of-focus 的形容词性短语修饰名词 perception。故选E。B[解析]根据句子结构，此处用副词修饰动词的过去分词，句意:近视度几乎被认为是完全遗传是确定的。故此处填入 determined adj.决定的，故选B。D[解析] 根据句子结构分析，此处为形容修饰名词，句意:这些巨大的里化一定是环境变化造成的。此处用形容词 environmental adj;环境的，故选D。34;J【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处用副词修饰动词reviewed，句意:我们对近视眼的研究进行了全面的回顾，发现近视与教育相关。此处用副词comprehensively adv，全面的，故选J。H[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词修饰后面的名词 locations，句意：并非所有表现优秀的地方，此处用形容词 performing adj.表现的，故选H36.1[解析]and 前后连接两个意思相近的词根据 and 后 blindnss 失明，可之前面空内填入 worsening，visual worsening 视力恶化，故选I。37.G[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰形容词，句意:澳大利亚的近视率自然较低，而且他们的生活方式强调户外活动。此处用副词 naturally adv自然地，故选 G。38.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，句意:“据报道，孩子们每天花两到三个小时在户外，这还不算在学校的时间。”可知此处用 counting 数，故选 A。39.C[解析]根据句子结构，此处填入名词，句意: 然而，在那些把时间花在户外被视为分散注意力的研究领域，要达到这个基准，存在着巨大的障碍，故此处用名词 distraction n.分散，故选 C。40.F[解析]根据句意:“因此，政策反应还必须着眼于减缓近视的发展，在儿童时期，轻度到中度近视变得更加严重的现象，”故此处填入 moderate adj，中度的，故选 F。Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the contextWe're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens _____41_____ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书), joined-up handwriting was once _____42_____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools___43___ typing courses. And in the U.S. , the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U.S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the _____44_____.Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect _____45_____. Anne Trubek , author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, _____46_____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to _____47_____.“Once you have driven for a while, you don't _____48_____ think ‘Step on gas now’[or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That's what we want children to _____49_____ when learning to write. You and I don't think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘1’’— or ‘now look for the letter ‘r' on the keyboard’.” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at _____50_____ ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as _____51_____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) _____52_____ that has attracted both criticism and support.She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not _____53_____ it will result in a " loss of history " and a “loss of personal touch”.On the former she _____54_____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway — "that's why we have paleographers, " she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm _____55_____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.A. abandonsB. dominatesC. entersD. absorbsA. compulsoryB. opposite C. crucialD. relevantA. in want ofB. in case ofC. in favour of D. in addition toA. quantityB. minimum C. qualityD. majorityA. responsibilityB. benefits C. resources D. structureA. grantingB. gettingC. bringing D. comingA. sleepingB. driving C. reviewing D. operatingA. eventuallyB. constantlyC. equivalently D. consciouslyA. adoptB. reachC. acquire D. activateA. slowerB. laterC. fasterD. earlierA. handwriting B. addingC. forming D. understandingA. trustB. lookC. viewD. smileA. containingB. spreading C. choosing D. protectingA. commitsB. countersC. completes D. composesA. associationsB. resources C. procedures D. interactions【答案】 41-45. BACDB 46-50ABDCD51-55 ACDBA【解析】B[解析] 根据句意可知“在键盘和屏幕上打字是当今书面交流的主要(dominates)方式，”abandons 放弃;enters 进入;absorbs.吸收，故选 B。42.A[解析]根据句意及上下文理解可知“在学校里，学习草书和连写体字的情况曾经是强制性的(compulsory)，”opposite 相反的;crucial 必要的;relevant 相关的，故选 A。43.C[解析]根据上下文理解，可推测此处句意为“像芬兰这样的国家已经放弃了学校里的合班手写课而选择支持 (in favour of)打字课程。”in want of 需要in case of如果是;in addition to 除此之外，故选 C。44.D[解析]根据上下文理解可知，此处的亚利桑那州并不是支持草书教育的大多数 (majority)， quantity 数量; minimum 最小限度;quality 质量，故选D.45.B[解析]根据上下文理解，可知此处句意为“一些专家指出，写作课有间接的奸处 (benefits)“responsibility 责任: resources 资源，structure 结构，故选B。46.A[解析]根据上下文可知，此处主要描述上文所提到的书的优点，此句为“这时，你已经完成了一项任务，而且几乎可以不假思索地完成它，在你做务的同时，为你提供(granting)额外的思考或做其他事情的带宽”，getting 得到:bringing 带来;coming 来，故选A。47.B[解析]根据上文，可知此处“在这个意义上，特鲁贝克把手写比作驾驶(driving)”，sleeping 睡眠;reviewing 审查;operating 操作，故选 B。48.D[解析]根据上下文理解，可是此处是在解释上文中将书写比作驾驶，我此处句意为，“一旦你开了一会儿车，你就不会有意识地(consciously) 认为现在踩油门’或者·把方向盘转一点’，”。eventually 最终地;constantly 经常的:equivalently 等价的，故选 D。49.C[解析] 根据上下文理解以及句意“这就是我们希望孩子们在学习写作币学到(acquire) 的东西。”adopt 收养;reach 到达;activate 激活，故选 C。50.D[解析]根据上文可知，此处所指的是“学生们正在学习如何打字，而不需要在更早的(earlier) 年龄的时候看键。”slower 更慢的;late 更迟的，faster 更快的，故选 D。51.A[解析]根据整篇文章可知，主要是关于手写的问题， 此处句意为“由于键盘的自动化程度提高，今天的孩子很可能会成为更好的文字交流者，因为手生(handwriting)对他们的教育越来越少了”，adding 加入: forming 形成:understanding 理解，故选A。52.C[解析]根据句意可知“这一观点 (view)受到的批评和支持都存在。”trust信任;look看;smile 微笑，故选 C。53.D[解析] 根据上下文指出，可知说的是关于诋毁者的意见，及不保护(protecting)书写会导致历史的丧失和个人的丧失，containing 包含;spreading传播;choosing选择，故选D。54.B[解析]根据上下文理解可知，你说我句意为”在前一种情况下，她反驳(counters)道，至少有百分之九十五的手写手稿无法被普通人阅谈。“这就是为什么我们有古文字学家”commits 承诺:completes 完成:composes 作山，故选B。55.A[解析] 根据下文可知，此处所指的是“给予个人手写笔记的温暖联想(associations)”， resources 资源: procedures 程序; interactions 相互作用，故选A。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费) : on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands(差事), and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet...Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home — although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No, thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay.Still, I had trouble summoning (鼓起) the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing. " Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home."That was what he said. This was what I heard:Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself.You make the job; it doesn't make you.Your real life is with us, your family.You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.What can we learn about the author is different from other children A. She needs to be supported like others. B. She made a mistake and needed to be corrected.C. She often does daily chores at home.D. She's too childish for comparison.According to the article, which of the following is correct about children in the 1940s like the author They just want to be popular, loved and liked.B. They only take great pains to earn more money.C. They can do all kinds of daily work, such as caring for children and so on.D. They are no longer needed except for being spoiled by adults.What did the author's father make her understand Don't escape from difficulties at work.B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.D. Make a distinction between work and life.Which of the following corresponds to the author's views on work A. Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.C. Work is to follow the footsteps of the boss.D. Work safety should be more important than family value.【答案】56-59. CCDA【解析】56.C解析]考查细节理解。根据文中第一段“The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales...”可知作者的满足感